The Society of To-morrow: A Forecast of Its Political and Economic Organisation

Part III, Note C

Effects of Industrial Progress on the Sphere of Production

In a paper in the Forum of April, 1898, Mr. W. T. Harris asks, "Is there really work for all?" To solve this problem he proceeds to quote statistics, showing the changes which have occurred in the different classes of occupation during a twenty years' period in the United States.

Table showing the proportion per Thousand of Population engaged in the Occupations stated, in the United States.
Occupation.	1870	1880	1890
Agriculture and Fisheries	491.1	460.3	396.5
Liberal Professions	29.3	34.6	41.5
Personal Service	184.8	201.4	191.8
Manufactures	196.2	196.3	223.9
Trades and Commerce	98.3	107.3	146.3

This table shows that about 100 persons per thousand have forsaken the primitive occupations (Class I.) favouring the remainder in the following proportions: Personal service, 7 per cent.; professions, 12 percent.; manufactures, 27 per cent.; trades and commerce, 48 per cent. Yet, so much have the methods of culture and the machinery employed been perfected that the national output of agricultural produce continues to more than meet all demands. This discovery leads Mr. Harris to suppose that, granting such an advance in machinery and methods as to render the manual labour—the "drudgery"—of one man per cent. sufficient for all demands in the care and operation of the agents of agricultural produce—clothing, victual, and shelter—the remaining 99 per cent. would still find a higher class of occupation. As a collateral argument, he adduces the statement that in the twenty years 1870-1890 the number of journalists per million of population has advanced from 424 to 963; of photographers from 608 to 880; and of piano-tuners in similar proportion.*25