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| ASCII and HTML Codes: Conversion Table | |
These characters are most likely to be found by searching for the ASCII/ISO Latin-1 or HTML Entities. Just copy and paste the code in the columns below directly into the Search Form. For example, to search for an m-dash, paste the code — (including the semi-colon but with no spaces around it) directly into the Search Form.
It may be productive to search for each of the possible variations: the character itself, the ASCII/ISO Latin-1, and the HTML Entity, separately.
In a few cases, notably fractions, additional matches might be found by searching for ordinary text variations. E.g., both non-case and case fractions (e.g., 1/2 or 1#2 instead of ½) occur in the text of some books, in addition to ½.
Note that the character # is technically a wildcard on the Econlib Search Form, but it can be used effectively within an ASCII/ISO Latin-1 Character Code while searching because of the unique ordering of an ampersand, followed by the #-sign, followed by digits, followed by a semi-colon.
| Character | ASCII/ISO Latin-1 Character Code |
HTML Entity |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | case fraction: 1/4 |
| ½ | ½ | ½ | case fraction: 1/2 |
| ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | case fraction: 3/4 |
| | — | m-dash, used without surrounding spaces. | |
| © | © | © | copyright sign |
| × | × | × | multiply sign |
| ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | divide sign |
|   | | non-breaking space | |
These characters are most likely to be found by searching for the character itself. However, there could be occasional occurrences of the ASCII/ISO Latin-1 or HTML Entities. Please let us know if you find them!
| Character | ASCII/ISO Latin-1 Character Code |
HTML Entity |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | cent sign |
| £ | £ | £ | pound sterling sign |
| ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | yen sign |
| § | § | § | section sign |
| & | & | ampersand sign | |
| " | " | double quotation mark | |
| Æ | Æ | Æ | capital AE ligature |
| æ | æ | æ | small ae ligature |
| Œ | Œ | Œ | capital OE ligature, codes rare |
| œ | œ | œ | small oe ligature, codes rare |
| Ç | Ç | Ç | capital C, cedilla |
| ç | ç | ç | small c, cedilla |
| À | À | À | capital A, grave accent |
| à | à | à | small a, grave accent |
| Á | Á | Á | capital A, acute accent |
| á | á | á | small a, acute accent |
| È | È | È | capital E, grave accent |
| è | è | è | small e, grave accent |
| É | É | É | capital E, acute accent |
| é | é | é | small e, acute accent |
| Ì | Ì | Ì | capital I, grave accent |
| ì | ì | ì | small i, grave accent |
| Í | Í | Í | capital I, acute accent |
| í | í | í | small i, acute accent |
| Ò | Ò | Ò | capital O, grave accent |
| ò | ò | ò | small o, grave accent |
| Ó | Ó | Ó | capital O, acute accent |
| ó | ó | ó | small o, acute accent |
| Ù | Ù | Ù | capital U, grave accent |
| ù | ù | ù | small u, grave accent |
| Ú | Ú | Ú | capital U, acute accent |
| ú | ú | ú | small u, acute accent |
| Ý | Ý | Ý | capital Y, acute accent |
| ý | ý | ý | small y, acute accent |
| Â | Â | Â | capital A, circumflex accent |
| â | â | â | small a, circumflex accent |
| Ã | Ã | Ã | capital A, tilde |
| ã | ã | ã | small a, tilde |
| Ä | Ä | Ä | capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| ä | ä | ä | small a, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| Å | Å | Å | capital A, ring |
| å | å | å | small a, ring |
| Ê | Ê | Ê | capital E, circumflex accent |
| ê | ê | ê | small e, circumflex accent |
| Ë | Ë | Ë | capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| ë | ë | ë | small e, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| Î | Î | Î | capital I, circumflex accent |
| î | î | î | small i, circumflex accent |
| Ï | Ï | Ï | capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| ï | ï | ï | small i, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| Ô | Ô | Ô | capital O, circumflex accent |
| ô | ô | ô | small o, circumflex accent |
| Õ | Õ | Õ | capital O, tilde |
| õ | õ | õ | small o, tilde |
| Ö | Ö | Ö | capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| ö | ö | ö | small o, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| Û | Û | Û | capital U, circumflex accent |
| û | û | û | small u, circumflex accent |
| Ü | Ü | Ü | capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| ü | ü | ü | small u, dieresis or umlaut mark |
| ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | small y, dieresis or umlaut mark |
These characters are included for completeness and do not to our knowledge occur yet in the books on the Econlib website. Please let us know if you find them!
| Character | ASCII/ISO Latin-1 Character Code |
HTML Entity |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ® | ® | ® | registered sign |
| ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | paragraph sign |
| ± | ± | ± | plus-or-minus sign |
| · | · | · | middle dot |
| < | < | less-than sign | |
| > | > | greater-than sign | |
| ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | not sign |
| ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | general currency sign |
| ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | broken (vertical) bar |
| ° | ° | ° | degree sign |
| ´ | ´ | ´ | acute accent |
| ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | umlaut (dieresis) |
| ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | macron |
| ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | cedilla |
| « | « | « | angle quotation mark, left |
| » | » | » | angle quotation mark, right |
| ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | superscript one |
| ² | ² | ² | superscript two |
| ³ | ³ | ³ | superscript three |
| ª | ª | ª | ordinal indicator, feminine |
| º | º | º | ordinal indicator, masculine |
| ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | inverted exclamation mark |
| ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | inverted question mark |
| µ | µ | µ | micro sign, Greek mu |
| | ­ | ­ | soft hyphen (not implemented in a useful way HTML) |
| Ð | Ð | Ð | capital Eth, Icelandic |
| ð | ð | ð | small eth, Icelandic |
| Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | capital N, tilde |
| ñ | ñ | ñ | small n, tilde |
| Ø | Ø | Ø | capital O, slash |
| ø | ø | ø | small o, slash |
| ß | ß | ß | small sharp s, German (sz ligature) |
| Þ | Þ | Þ | capital THORN, Icelandic |
| þ | þ | þ | small thorn, Icelandic |
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