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Unemployment

Lawrence H. Summers

Angus
Deaton, Angus Stewart

1945 -

Israel
Kirzner, Israel

1930 -

Harold
Demsetz, Harold

1930 - 2019

Richard
Thaler, Richard H.

1945 -

William
Nordhaus, William D.

1944 -

Paul
Romer, Paul M.

1955 -

Jean
Tirole, Jean

1953 -

The
The 2008 Financial Crisis

Arnold Kling

Christopher
Sims, Christopher A.

1942 -

Gordon
Tullock, Gordon

1922 - 2014

Division
Division of Labor

Michael Munger

Hoover's
Hoover's Economic Policies

Steven Horwitz

Unemployment
Unemployment Insurance

David Francis

Wages
Wages and Working Conditions

Stanley Lebergott

Third
Third World Debt

Kenneth Rogoff

Third
Third World Economic Development

Clive Crook

Trucking
Trucking Deregulation

Thomas Gale Moore

Research
Research and Development

David Levy

Takeovers
Takeovers and Leveraged Buyouts

Gregg Jarrell

Recessions
Recessions

Geoffrey Moore

Program
Program Trading

Dean Furbush

Progressive
Progressive Taxes

Joel Slemrod

Reaganomics
Reaganomics

William Niskanen

Occupational
Occupational Licensing

S. David Young

Patents
Patents

David R. Henderson

Perestroika
Perestroika

Marshall Goldman

Interest
Interest

Paul Heyne

Japan
Japan and the Myth of MITI

David R. Henderson

Negative
Negative Income Tax

Jodie Allen

Neoclassical
Neoclassical Economics

E. Roy Weintraub

Industrial
Industrial Policy

Richard McKenzie

Greenhouse
Greenhouse Effect

Thomas Schelling

Gross
Gross Domestic Product

Lincoln Anderson

Federal
Federal Debt

Robert Eisner

Federal
Federal Deficit

Laurence J. Kotlikoff

Foreign
Foreign Investment in the United States

Mack Ott

Government
Government Spending

Gordon Tullock

European
European Economic Community

Barry Eichengreen

Federal
Federal Budget

John Cogan

Asset-Backed
Asset-Backed Securities

Phillip Zweig

Capital
Capital Flight

Darryl McLeod

Comparable
Comparable Worth

June Ellenoff O'Neill

Competitiveness
Competitiveness

Robert Z. Lawrence

Computer
Computer Industry

George Gilder

Deposit
Deposit Insurance

George G. Kaufman

Drug
Drug Lag

Daniel Henninger

Eastern
Eastern Europe

David Lipton

Environmentalism,
Environmentalism, A Preface

David R. Henderson

Unemployment
Unemployment

Lawrence H. Summers

Unintended
Unintended Consequences

Rob Norton

Urban
Urban Transportation

Kenneth A. Small

Welfare
Welfare

Jeffrey M. Jones and Thomas MaCurdy

Supply
Supply

Al Ehrbar

Supply-Side
Supply-Side Economics

James D. Gwartney

Surface
Surface Freight Transportation Deregulation

Thomas Gale Moore

Taxation
Taxation

Joseph J. Minarik

Telecommunications
Telecommunications

John Haring

Tragedy
Tragedy of the Commons

Garrett Hardin

Transition
Transition Economies

Anders Aslund

Savings
Savings and Loan Crisis

Bert Ely

Social
Social Security

Thomas R. Saving

Socialism
Socialism

Robert Heilbroner

Spatial
Spatial Economics

Wolfgang Kasper

Sportometrics
Sportometrics

Robert Tollison

Sports
Sports

Gerald W. Scully

Standards
Standards of Living and Modern Economic Growth

John V. C. Nye

Stock
Stock Market

Jeremy J. Siegel

Redistribution
Redistribution

Dwight R. Lee

Regulation
Regulation

Robert Litan

Rent
Rent Control

Walter Block

Rent
Rent Seeking

David R. Henderson

Risk
Risk and Safety

Aaron Wildavsky and Adam Wildavsky

Sanctions
Sanctions

Kimberly Ann Elliott and Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Barbara Oegg

Saving
Saving

Laurence J. Kotlikoff

Privatization
Privatization

Jr. Robert Poole

Productivity
Productivity

Alexander J. Field

Profits
Profits

Lester C. Thurow

Property
Property Rights

Armen A. Alchian

Protectionism
Protectionism

Jagdish Bhagwati

Public
Public Choice

William F. Shughart II

Public
Public Goods

Tyler Cowen

Rational
Rational Expectations

Thomas J. Sargent

Recycling
Recycling

Jane S. Shaw

Political
Political Behavior

Richard Stroup

Pollution
Pollution Controls

Robert W. Crandall

Population
Population

Ronald Demos Lee

Poverty
Poverty in America

Isabel V. Sawhill

Present
Present Value

David R. Henderson

Price
Price Controls

Hugh Rockoff

Prisoners’
Prisoners’ Dilemma

Avinash Dixit and Barry Nalebuff

New
New Classical Macroeconomics

Kevin D. Hoover

New
New Keynesian Economics

N. Gregory Mankiw

OPEC
OPEC

Benjamin Zycher

Opportunity
Opportunity Cost

David R. Henderson

Pensions
Pensions

Henry McMillan

Pharmaceuticals:
Pharmaceuticals: Economics and Regulation

Charles L. Hooper

Phillips
Phillips Curve

Kevin D. Hoover

Monetarism
Monetarism

Bennett T. McCallum

Monetary
Monetary Policy

James Tobin

Monetary
Monetary Union

Paul Bergin

Money
Money Supply

Anna J. Schwartz

Monopoly
Monopoly

George J. Stigler

National
National Income Accounts

Mack Ott

Natural
Natural Gas: Markets and Regulation

Robert J. Michaels

Natural
Natural Resources

Sue Ann Batey Blackman and William J. Baumol

Labor
Labor Unions

Morgan O. Reynolds

Law
Law and Economics

Paul H. Rubin

Liability
Liability

W. Kip Viscusi

Marginal
Marginal Tax Rates

Alan Reynolds

Marginalism
Marginalism

Steven E. Rhoads

Market
Market for Corporate Control

Jonathan R. Macey

Marxism
Marxism

David Prychitko

Mercantilism
Mercantilism

Laura LaHaye

Microeconomics
Microeconomics

Arnold C. Harberger

Minimum
Minimum Wages

Linda Gorman

International
International Trade

Arnold Kling

International
International Trade Agreements

Douglas A. Irwin

Internet
Internet

Stan Liebowitz

Investment
Investment

Kevin Hassett

Japan
Japan

Benjamin Powell

Job
Job Safety

W. Kip Viscusi

Junk
Junk Bonds

Glenn Yago

Keynesian
Keynesian Economics

Alan S. Blinder

Insider
Insider Trading

Stanislav Dolgopolov

Insurance
Insurance

Richard Zeckhauser

Intellectual
Intellectual Property

Stan Liebowitz

Interest
Interest Rates

Burton G. Malkiel

International
International Capital Flows

Mack Ott

Industrial
Industrial Concentration

William F. Shughart II

Industrial
Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living

Clark Nardinelli

Inflation
Inflation

Lawrence H. White

Information
Information

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Information
Information and Prices

Donald J. Boudreaux

Innovation
Innovation

Timothy Sandefur

Government
Government Growth

Robert Higgs

Great
Great Depression

Gene Smiley

Health
Health Care

Michael A. Morrisey

Health
Health Insurance

John C. Goodman

Housing
Housing

Benjamin Powell and Edward Stringham

Human
Human Capital

Gary S. Becker

Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation

Michael K. Salemi

Immigration
Immigration

George J. Borjas

Futures
Futures and Options Markets

Gregory J. Millman

Game
Game Theory

Avinash Dixit and Barry Nalebuff

Gender
Gender Gap

Claudia Goldin

German
German Economic Miracle

David R. Henderson

Global
Global Warming: A Balance Sheet

Thomas Gale Moore

Gold
Gold Standard

Michael D. Bordo

Government
Government Debt and Deficits

John J. Seater

Foreign
Foreign Aid

Deepak Lal

Foreign
Foreign Exchange

Jeffrey A. Frankel

Free
Free Market

Murray N. Rothbard

Free-Market
Free-Market Environmentalism

Richard Stroup

Free
Free Trade

Alan S. Blinder

Federal
Federal Reserve System

Richard H. Timberlake

Financial
Financial Regulation

Bert Ely

Fiscal
Fiscal Policy

David N. Weil

Fiscal
Fiscal Sustainability

Laurence J. Kotlikoff

Forecasting
Forecasting and Econometric Models

Saul H. Hymans

Fascism
Fascism

Sheldon Richman

Environmental
Environmental Quality

Terry L. Anderson

Ethics
Ethics and Economics

Stephen R. C. Hicks

European
European Union

Marian L. Tupy

Experimental
Experimental Economics

Don Coursey

Externalities
Externalities

Bryan Caplan

Education
Education

Linda Gorman

Efficiency
Efficiency

Paul Heyne

Efficient
Efficient Capital Markets

Steven L. Jones and Jeffry M. Netter

Electricity
Electricity and Its Regulation

Robert J. Michaels

Empirics
Empirics of Economic Growth

Kevin Grier

Energy
Energy

Jerry Taylor and Peter Van Doren

Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship

Russell S. Sobel

Demand
Demand

David R. Henderson

Disaster
Disaster and Recovery

Jack Hirshleifer

Discrimination
Discrimination

Linda Gorman

Distribution
Distribution of Income

Frank Levy

Economic
Economic Freedom

Robert A. Lawson

Economic
Economic Growth

Paul M. Romer

Competition
Competition

Wolfgang Kasper

Conscription
Conscription

Christopher Jehn

Consumer
Consumer Price Indexes

Michael J. Boskin

Consumer
Consumer Protection

Daniel B. Klein

Consumption
Consumption Tax

Al Ehrbar

Corporate
Corporate Financial Structure

Annette Poulsen

Corporate
Corporate Governance

Randall S. Kroszner

Corporate
Corporate Taxation

Rob Norton

Corporations
Corporations

Robert Hessen

Corruption
Corruption

François Melese

Creative
Creative Destruction

Richard Alm and W. Michael Cox

Crime
Crime

David D. Friedman

Defense
Defense

Benjamin Zycher

Capital
Capital Gains Taxes

Stephen Moore

Capitalism
Capitalism

Robert Hessen

Cartels
Cartels

Andrew R. Dick

Charity
Charity

Russell Roberts

Communism
Communism

Bryan Caplan

Comparative
Comparative Advantage

Donald J. Boudreaux

Competing
Competing Money Supplies

Lawrence H. White

Auctions
Auctions

Leslie R. Fine

Austrian
Austrian School of Economics

Peter J. Boettke

Balance
Balance of Payments

Herbert Stein

Bank
Bank Runs

George G. Kaufman

Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy

Todd J. Zywicki

Behavioral
Behavioral Economics

Sendhil Mullainathan and Richard H. Thaler

Benefit-Cost
Benefit-Cost Analysis

Paul R. Portney

Bonds
Bonds

Clifford W. Smith

Brand
Brand Names

Benjamin Klein

Bubbles
Bubbles

Seiji S. C. Steimetz

Business
Business Cycles

Christina D. Romer

Campaign
Campaign Finance

Jeffrey Milyo

Advertising
Advertising

George Bittlingmayer

Agricultural
Agricultural Subsidy Programs

Daniel A. Sumner

Airline
Airline Deregulation

Fred L. Smith, Jr. and Braden Cox

Antitrust
Antitrust

Fred McChesney

Apartheid
Apartheid

Thomas W. Hazlett

Arts
Arts

Tyler Cowen

Oliver
Williamson, Oliver

1932 - 2020

Edmund
Phelps, Edmund S.

1933 -

Elinor
Ostrom, Elinor

1933 - 2012

Thomas
Sargent, Thomas J.

1943 -

Eugene
Fama, Eugene

1939 -

Robert
Shiller, Robert J.

1946 -

Thomas
Schelling, Thomas

1921 - 2016

Paul
Krugman, Paul

1953 -

Vernon
Smith, Vernon L.

1927 -

Robert
Solow, Robert Merton

1924 -

Michael
Spence, Michael

1943 -

George
Stigler, George J.

1911 - 1991

Joseph
Stiglitz, Joseph E.

1943 -

John
Stone, John Richard Nicholas

1913 - 1991

Jan
Tinbergen, Jan

1903 - 1994

James
Tobin, James

1918 - 2002

Anne-Robert-Jacques
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques

1727 - 1781

Thorstein
Veblen, Thorstein

1857 - 1929

William
Vickrey, William S.

1914 - 1996

Jacob
Viner, Jacob

1892 - 1970

Leon
Walras, Leon

1834 - 1910

Max
Weber, Max

1864 - 1920

Knut
Wicksell, Knut

1851 - 1926

David
Ricardo, David

1772 - 1823

Lionel
Robbins, Lionel

1898 - 1984

Joan
Robinson, Joan Violet

1903 - 1983

Paul
Samuelson, Paul Anthony

1915 - 2009

Jean-Baptiste
Say, Jean-Baptiste

1767 - 1832

Myron
Scholes, Myron S.

1941 -

Theodore
Schultz, Theodore William

1902 - 1998

Joseph
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois

1883 - 1950

Reinhard
Selten, Reinhard

1930 - 2016

Amartya
Sen, Amartya

1933 -

William
Sharpe, William F.

1934 -

Herbert
Simon, Herbert Alexander

1916 - 2001

Adam
Smith, Adam

1723 - 1790

Robert
Merton, Robert C.

1944 -

John
Mill, John Stuart

1806 - 1873

Merton
Miller, Merton H.

1923 - 2000

James
Mirrlees, James A.

1936 - 2018

Ludwig
Mises, Ludwig von

1881 - 1973

Franco
Modigliani, Franco

1918 - 2003

Oskar
Morgenstern, Oskar

1902 - 1977

Robert
Mundell, Robert A.

1932 - 2021

Gunnar
Myrdal, Gunnar

1898 - 1987

John
Nash, John F.

1928 - 2015

John
Neumann, John von

1903 - 1957

Douglass
North, Douglass C.

1920 - 2015

Bertil
Ohlin, Bertil Gotthard

1899 - 1979

Arthur
Okun, Arthur M.

1928 - 1980

Vilfredo
Pareto, Vilfredo

1848 - 1923

Arthur
Pigou, Arthur Cecil

1877 - 1959

Edward
Prescott, Edward C.

1940 -

François
Quesnay, François

1694 - 1774

Tjalling
Koopmans, Tjalling Charles

1910 - 1985

Simon
Kuznets, Simon

1901 - 1985

Finn
Kydland, Finn E.

1943 -

Oskar
Lange, Oskar Ryszard

1904 - 1965

Wassily
Leontief, Wassily

1906 - 1999

Abba
Lerner, Abba Ptachya

1905 - 1982

W.
Lewis, W. Arthur

1915 - 1991

John
Locke, John

1632 - 1704

Robert
Lucas, Robert E.

1937 -

Fritz
Machlup, Fritz

1902 - 1983

Thomas
Malthus, Thomas Robert

1766 - 1834

Harry
Markowitz, Harry

1927 -

Alfred
Marshall, Alfred

1842 - 1924

Karl
Marx, Karl

1818 - 1883

Daniel
McFadden, Daniel L.

1937 -

James
Meade, James Edward

1907 - 1995

Carl
Menger, Carl

1840 - 1921

Clive
Granger, Clive W. J.

1934 -

Trygve
Haavelmo, Trygve

1911 - 1999

Roy
Harrod, Roy F.

1900 - 1978

John
Harsanyi, John C.

1920 - 2000

Friedrich
Hayek, Friedrich August

1899 - 1992

James
Heckman, James J.

1944 -

Walter
Heller, Walter Wolfgang

1915 - 1987

John
Hicks, John R.

1904 - 1989

David
Hume, David

1711 - 1776

William
Jevons, William Stanley

1835 - 1882

Harry
Johnson, Harry Gordon

1923 - 1977

Daniel
Kahneman, Daniel

1934 -

Leonid
Kantorovich, Leonid Vitalievich

1912 - 1986

John
Keynes, John Maynard

1883 - 1946

Lawrence
Klein, Lawrence Robert

1920 - 2013

Frank
Knight, Frank Hyneman

1885 - 1972

Frédéric
Bastiat, Frédéric

1801 - 1850

Gary
Becker, Gary Stanley

1930 - 2014

Jeremy
Bentham, Jeremy

1748 - 1832

Eugen
Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen von

1851 - 1914

James
Buchanan, James M.

1919 - 2013

Arthur
Burns, Arthur Frank

1904 - 1987

Gustav
Cassel, Gustav

1866 - 1945

Ronald
Coase, Ronald H.

1910 - 2013

Gerard
Debreu, Gerard

1921 - 2004

Robert
Engle, Robert F.

1942 -

Irving
Fisher, Irving

1867 - 1947

Robert
Fogel, Robert W.

1926 - 2013

Milton
Friedman, Milton

1912 - 2006

Ragnar
Frisch, Ragnar

1895 - 1973

John
Galbraith, John Kenneth

1908 - 2006

Henry
George, Henry

1839 - 1897

George
Akerlof, George A.

1940 -

Armen
Alchian, Armen A.

1914 - 2013

Maurice
Allais, Maurice

1911 - 2010

Kenneth
Arrow, Kenneth

1921 - 2017

Government Policy

Social Security

By Thomas R. Saving

Social Security, or, to be precise, Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI), is the U.S. government program that pays benefits to workers after retirement, to spouses and children of deceased workers, and to workers who become disabled before they retire. In 2003, the program had 47 million recipients, of w...

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Economic Systems

Disaster and Recovery

By Jack Hirshleifer

Defeated in battle and ravaged by bombing in the course of World War II, Germany and Japan nevertheless made postwar recoveries that startled the world. Within ten years these nations were once again considerable economic powers. A decade later, each had not only regained prosperity but had also economically overtaken,...

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Basic Concepts

Comparative Advantage

By Donald J. Boudreaux

When asked by mathematician Stanislaw Ulam whether he could name an idea in economics that was both universally true and not obvious, economist Paul Samuelson’s example was the principle of comparative advantage. That principle was derived by David Ricardo in his 1817 book, Principles of Political Economy and Taxatio...

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Government Policy

Consumer Price Indexes

By Michael J. Boskin

Measuring prices and their rate of change accurately is central to almost every economic issue, from the conduct of monetary policy to measuring economic progress (see economic growth) over time and across countries to the cost and structure of indexed government spending programs and taxes. Most of us are familiar wit...

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Biographies

Lionel Robbins

1898-1984

  Although recognized equally for his contributions to economic policy, methodology, and the history of ideas, Lionel Robbins made his name as a theorist. In the 1920s he attacked Alfred Marshall’s concept of the “representative firm,” arguing that the concept was no help in understanding the eq...

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Biographies

Roy F. Harrod

1900-1978

Roy Harrod is credited with getting twentieth-century economists thinking about economic growth. Harrod built on Keynes’s theory of income determination. The Harrod-Domar model (named for Harrod and Evsey Domar, who worked on the concept independently) is explained in Towards a Dynamic Economics, though Harrod’s fi...

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Biographies

Wassily Leontief

1906-1999

  From the time he was a young man growing up in Saint Petersburg, Wassily Leontief devoted his studies to input-output analysis. When he left Russia at the age of nineteen to begin the Ph.D. program at the University of Berlin, he had already shown how leon walras’s abstract equilibrium theory coul...

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GUIDES

High School Economics Topics

Introduction The Council for Economic Education (CEE) has compiled a list of the 51 key economics concepts common to all U.S. State requirements for high school classes in economics. The resources arranged here supplement these recommended CEE topics. These free resources are appropriate for teachers of high school...

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