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Tit-for-Tat in Politics

By Clifford A. Bates Jr. | Nov 18 2025
Cooperation is both the most fragile and the most necessary condition of political life. It is fragile because individuals and groups often pursue short-term gains at others’ expense, yet it is essential because no political community endures without mutual accommodation and understanding. Politics, as Aristotle taught, is the art of living together—not the sum of ...

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Applaud All Market-Made Millions

By Christopher Freiman | Nov 11 2025

In the NFL offseason, star running back Saquon Barkley signed a $40 million contract extension with the Philadelphia Eagles. Make no mistake, he earned it after rushing for 2,005 yards in the regular season and helping to bring another Lombardi Trophy to Philadelphia. I’m not alone in thinking this. As one sports writer put the .. MORE

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A better comparison you might make is to highly-paid football coaches.  As with CEOs, you can't really see what they're doing that adds all the value.  Also, like CEOs, there is a whole hierarchy of..

MarkW, November 11

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Game Theory

Tit-for-Tat in Politics

By Clifford A. Bates Jr. | Nov 18, 2025 | 3

Cooperation is both the most fragile and the most necessary condition of political life. It is fragile because individuals and groups often pursue short-term gains at others’ expense, yet it is essential because no political community endures without mutual accommodation and understanding. Politics, as Aristotle taught, is the art of living together—not the sum of .. MORE

Economic Theory

Strong Claims Need Strong Evidence

By Jon Murphy | Nov 14, 2025 | 14

Each semester that I teach Principles of Microeconomics, I have some variation of this question on my exams: “Joe works at the local supermarket. One day, he says to you: ‘On Monday, we were selling oranges for $0.75 each and we sold 200 that day. On Friday, oranges were $1.00 and we sold 400 that .. MORE

Price Theory

Pricing Plumbing: Cutsinger’s Solution

By Bryan Cutsinger | Nov 13, 2025 | 0

Question: The Texas Minimum Construction Standards require that all plumbing fixtures be WaterSense certified. Examples of requirements under these standards include low-flow faucets, shower heads, and toilets.  Suppose, for the sake of argument, that before the requirement for low-flow toilets went into effect, installing a normal-flow toilet cost $250. Suppose also that installing a low-flow .. MORE

Moral Reasoning

Applaud All Market-Made Millions

By Christopher Freiman | Nov 11, 2025 | 5

In the NFL offseason, star running back Saquon Barkley signed a $40 million contract extension with the Philadelphia Eagles. Make no mistake, he earned it after rushing for 2,005 yards in the regular season and helping to bring another Lombardi Trophy to Philadelphia. I’m not alone in thinking this. As one sports writer put the .. MORE

Sam's Links

Introducing: Sam’s Links

By Sam Enright | Nov 6, 2025 | 0

We’d like to welcome a new voice here at Econlib, Sam Enright. Sam works on innovation policy at Progress Ireland, an independent policy think tank in Dublin, and runs a publication called The Fitzwilliam. Most relevant to us, on his personal blog, he writes a popular link roundup, in which he gives short commentary on .. MORE

Economic Education

Why Liberalism

By Jon Murphy | Nov 5, 2025 | 37

When I first started teaching, David Henderson gave me some advice: to be open about who I am regarding my economic philosophy.  At the beginning of class (and several other times throughout), I mention that I am a classical liberal—a free-market economist who argues that individuals rather than governments are best suited to deal with .. MORE

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Price Theory

Pricing Plumbing: Cutsinger’s Solution 0

Question: The Texas Minimum Construction Standards require that all plumbing fixtures be WaterSense certified. Examples of requirements under these standards include low-flow faucets, shower heads, and toilets.  Suppose, for the sake of argument, that before the requirement for low-flow toilets went into effect, installing a normal-flow toilet cost $250. Suppose also that installing a low-flow .. MORE

Economic Education

Why Liberalism 37

When I first started teaching, David Henderson gave me some advice: to be open about who I am regarding my economic philosophy.  At the beginning of class (and several other times throughout), I mention that I am a classical liberal—a free-market economist who argues that individuals rather than governments are best suited to deal with .. MORE

Economic Theory

Trust Government Statistics, Not Government 8

“Expert failure” is clearly having a moment. Pollsters, Wall Street analysts, tech futurists… all are facing demands to reckon with getting it wrong. Economics, though, seems to be getting special attention. Lately, this has metastasized into Orweillian skepticism of government data itself. It’s one thing to argue that economists have misread numbers. It’s quite another .. MORE

Book Reviews and Suggested Readings

Adam Smith on Relationships between Young and Old

By Anna Claire Flowers

The Theory of Moral Sentiments, by Adam Smith Relationships between people of different generations make up some of the most meaningful connections life has to offer. They shape deep-seated beliefs, goals, and priorities. In The Theory of Moral Sentiments [TMS], Adam Smith describes the human actor as one who is guided by relational experiences. Do .. MORE

Universal Economics: Necessary Reading for the Well-Trained Economist

By Alexander William Salter

A Liberty Classics Book Review of Universal Economics, by Armen Alchian and William Allen.1 What do you do when economists stop believing in economics? The “dismal science” never merited its dreary epithet, but trends in economics education at the graduate and undergraduate levels could change that. Ph.D. courses are saturated with hyper-mathematical models that are .. MORE

Of Property Rights, Civil Society, and Shampoo

By Anthony Gill

Who defines and enforces property rights? If you are the average person, an undergraduate student, or even a mainstream economics professor, that answer is easy: the government. Look it up! Municipal and county governments determine the deeds to your property and various usage rights including wetland setbacks and easements. State governments create regulations that affect .. MORE

Sound Money through Monetary Competition

By Pedro Schwartz

Money is the wild card of the capitalist game. In the past century, financial and monetary upsets recurred, with the Great Depression as the nadir. In the present century, just when the End of History was around the corner and political and economic democracy seemed victorious over all other social systems, the Great Recession hit. .. MORE