
This information is from the Mayo Clinic:
Agoraphobia often results in having a hard time feeling safe in any public place, especially where crowds gather and in locations that are not familiar. You may feel that you need a companion, such as a family member or friend, to go with you to public places. The fear can be so overwhelming that you may feel you can’t leave your home.
To be clear, agoraphobics do have some reason to fear leaving their homes. Each year, thousands of Americans are killed in traffic accidents and thousands more are murdered. Life is dangerous. But taken to extremes, agoraphobia can lead to a highly limited existence, where sufferers miss out on much of what makes life worth living.
I sometimes wonder if the US is becoming irrationally fearful of the outside world. Consider a recent story from Bloomberg, which describes the outrage occasioned by a proposal by a Chinese company to build a routine corn milling plant in Grand Forks, North Dakota:
The city this year abandoned a project that, just two years earlier, it had aggressively sought as an economic bonanza: a $700 million corn mill that would have risen from rich farmland on the outskirts of the community. The mill faced a groundswell of opposition, especially regarding its owner: a Chinese company, Fufeng Group.
Locals were concerned that the plant might be used to spy on the Grand Forks Air Force Base, which is located 12 miles to the west. This raises some interesting questions:
1. What sort of spying is likely to occur? Why would a corn mill make this spying easier?
2. Aren’t Chinese nationals pretty much free to travel anywhere in the US, even if the plant is not approved? Couldn’t they spy just as well from a random hotel in Grand Forks?
3. Perhaps the plant would allow for the installation of some massive spying equipment, which a lone spy could not bring within 12 miles of the base. But in that case wouldn’t the hundreds of American working at the plant notice this spying operation?
Perhaps readers with more knowledge of spying than I have can help me understand how stopping this plant prevents China from spying on our air force bases.
Many Chinese critics insist that, “We don’t hate the Chinese people, we simply object to the Chinese government.” I worry that the line is becoming increasingly blurred.
Fufeng is not a SOE, it’s a private company based on Hong Kong, with lots of American investors. Some critics respond that even private Chinese companies are suspect, as the Chinese government can force them to turn over information. That’s probably true, just as the US government forces our companies to turn over private information about Americans.
But taken to its logical extreme, that level of suspicion makes all 1.4 billion Chinese citizens suspect. Here’s Bloomberg:
Local opposition focused at first on concerns such as pollution, subsidies and land use, but soon shifted to the mill’s ownership.
“Larger and louder than all of the other concerns was a fear of Communist China,” said Katie Dachtler, the only member of the city council to initially vote against the project, who has since left office. “And we can’t talk about the Chinese without them being ‘communists.'”
People in Grand Forks who opposed the project from the start say their political leaders should have seen the trouble coming.
“You come here because you can get away with stuff,” said Frank Matejcek, a farmer who lives just outside the city.
It almost seems like Chinese people are being pre-judged to be security risks, without any specific information pointing in that direction. And doesn’t the term “prejudice” originally derive from “pre-judgment”. I’m having real trouble distinguishing between anti-Chinese prejudice and a worldview that the Chinese government is evil and all Chinese people are potential agents of that government. Can someone help me out? Isn’t this the mentality that led to the Japanese-American internment camps in 1942? (Of course the earlier event was far worse.)
As the following map shows, Grand Forks was not originally viewed as a sensitive area:
So then why not move the plant to an area hundreds of miles from any sensitive military bases, like Sioux Falls, South Dakota? Here’s Bloomberg:
Bob Scott, the mayor of Sioux City, Iowa, another city Fufeng considered, said in an interview that there’s no longer any interest. “Following that, up in North Dakota, they’re going to have a very, very difficult time getting a community,” he said.
Once anti-Chinese hysteria reaches this fever pitch level, there’s no longer any safe place in America.
It’s not that the risk of Chinese spying is non-existent. As we saw in the recent balloon case, China does spy on the US. Indeed as far as I know, all great powers spy on their rivals. Rather, I wonder whether the actual risks involved justify the recent level of concern. In April, there were headline stories about how outrageous it was not to shoot the Chinese balloon down immediately. Two months later, the media quietly reports that the balloon was not even transmitting data:
The findings support a conclusion that the craft was intended for spying, and not for weather monitoring as China had claimed, the report said.
But the balloon did not seem to send data from its eight-day passage over Alaska, Canada and some other contiguous US states back to China, WSJ said.
But not one American in a hundred will read that follow-up story. They’ve made up their minds.
The irony here is that we think that our increasing nationalism will make us safer. In fact, the rise in nationalism in the US and China makes war ever more likely.
READER COMMENTS
David Henderson
Jun 30 2023 at 3:49pm
Excellent post.
One typo: Should be 1.4 billion Chinese citizens.
Airman Spry Shark
Jun 30 2023 at 4:44pm
Or, more cynically, Xi, an unidentified 2/5 of a citizen, and 1.4B Chinese subjects.
Scott Sumner
Jun 30 2023 at 8:13pm
Thanks, I fixed it.
Ravi Smith
Jun 30 2023 at 5:37pm
“Isn’t this the mentality that led to the Japanese-American internment camps in 1942?”
If anti-Chinese sentiment is directed against Americans of East Asian ancestry then yes it is. But that is a different question to how we should distinguish between the CCP and the people of China. The CCP conception of society as a single hierarchical network with no competing power centers makes everything ultimately able to be controlled by the CCP. There is no real difference between formal sanctions and an informal “boycott” (like that of South Korea after THAAD). The line between Chinese-Americans and Chinese is clear, the one between Chinese society and the CCP is blurred (and possibly meaningless).
Scott Sumner
Jul 2 2023 at 11:58am
Back in the 1800s, was there a line between Catholic people and the Catholic Church? Many Protestants thought the answer was “no”.
Ravi Smith
Jul 6 2023 at 6:51pm
Good counterpoint!
Michael Sandifer
Jun 30 2023 at 6:28pm
The anti-Chinese hysteria you point to is real, and nothing new or otherwise unique, unfortunaely. It’s certainly not the first time the Chinese have been denied opportunies in the US.
And while it’s part of a broader nationalist trend, we should not forget to also blame China for its surging nationalism and aggressive behavior toward its Asian neighbors, Australia, and the US. It doesn’t excuse our overreaction, and what is in some cases gratuitous bigotry, but it does feed the hysteria.
Onos
Jul 1 2023 at 5:47pm
Agreed on the latter point. Specifically, Re investment: China does not allow many USA business to operate freely within China, and my opinion is that we should respond in kind.
The central argument re China these last decades had been: treat them liberally and they will also liberalize. Hasn’t happened.
Scott Sumner
Jul 2 2023 at 12:02pm
“we should respond in kind.”
That’s a bizarre sort of morality. If other countries shoot themselves in the foot, we should respond by shooting ourselves in the foot? I don’t get it.
In any case, our trade barriers on China are much higher than China’s trade barriers on the US.
steve
Jun 30 2023 at 6:55pm
I think that we have have always had politicians and a constituency who relish the idea of finding an “other” to suspect/hate. Anyway, the spies you worry about would not be the ones so out in the open as this. Cybersecurity is probably our real risk.
Steve
Alphonse
Jul 1 2023 at 3:46pm
National Security does matter. And so does allowing verified foreign investment.
Unless we truly desire a Cold War, which there’s no guarantee we win like against the Soviets, we need to separate our hysteria from our suspicion.
Competition with China in the areas where we should compete. Cooperation with China in the areas where the world must cooperate.
Chinese citizens should be treated with more suspicion the same way we treat Russian citizens. But we should not allow our suspicion to turn into hysteria which damages both sides, while providing no benefit. Canceling this “Commie Corn Mill” only takes our eyes away from actual spying threats, like a Chinese national booking a room next to the AFB.
We shouldn’t become China in our pursuit to compete with China.
nobody.really
Jul 1 2023 at 6:34pm
Of course: Along comes some educated coastal elites looking down their noses at the people in America’s heartland. Next thing you know, they’ll be lecturing rural America about how there’s really no cause for alarm about that pool hall in River City—and if our young’uns are too busy playing pool to do their chores, well, are we just supposed to suck it up? ARE WE…?
Wow. I hadn’t heard anything about this controversy—and given Scott Sumner’s description, I had assumed he must be exaggerating. Alas, it appears that he has refrained from letting us down. Typical, really.
I find it remarkable that the people of Grand Forks would willingly kill an opportunity for local economic development out of a concern for national security. After all, they would get the lion’s share of the increase in economic development—a scarce commodity in rural America—while bearing a tiny share of the burden related to impaired national security. In this sense, their willingness to sacrifice self-interest on behalf of a greater good strikes me as noble—if delusional.
On the one hand, this result is consistent with research involving the Ultimatum Game: Arguably people in a society benefit from a general norm of equitable treatment, even among strangers, and therefore people should be willing to reinforce that norm. Yet the benefits of this norm are diffuse, and the consequences of violations for any individual are likely small. I would expect a self-interested individual would gladly accept money in exchange for looking the other way when someone proposes to, on one occasion, violate this norm of equitable treatment among strangers. But that’s not what we observe: Instead, participants willingly forsake the opportunity to gain money and instead punish a person who violates the norms of equitable treatment. We could interpret this result as the triumph of social cohesion over bribery.
On the other hand, the weak rationale supporting the concerns about national security undermines the conclusion that people are motivated by a noble motive of self-sacrifice for the common good. In the absence of compelling evidence for this rationale, I am left to suspect animus. As Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay cautioned, we should beware two all-too-human faculties: “the faculty of believing without a reason, and the faculty of hating without a provocation.” In this sense, I can’t help but share Sumner’s conclusion that the moral panic about the Chinese seems in the same vein as the moral panic about the Japanese in WWII.
Yet maybe the willingness to sacrifice for the common good and the willingness to act on racial animus reflect a common motive: tribalism. Libertarianism asks us to transcend tribalism—but arguably at the expense of social cohesion. I struggle with this conclusion.
Thomas L Hutcheson
Jul 2 2023 at 11:29am
The weird thing here is that the citizens of Grand Forks should be concerned. Surely if there was a danger of espionage the USG would intervene.
But yes, in general “fear” seem to be playing a greater ( and I find excessive) part in public life.
Warren Platts
Jul 4 2023 at 4:04pm
Whether Pearl Harbor was worse is highly debatable. Scott’s previous article on the SARS2 origin kind of missed the main point: whether it was an escape from a wild animal or an engineered bioweapon, once the virus got loose, the Chinese turned the virus into a bioweapon by taking deliberate steps to ensure that it spread to the ROW, first by hoarding information, then by allowing international flights out of Wuhan even after they stopped domestic flights from Wuhan. Throw in deliberate fentanyl exports (if American journalists can find the exporters, then the Chinese police state certainly can as well), then that’s two million dead Americans deliberately killed by the CCP just since Emperor Xi took over. People are angry and justifiably so.
As for Fufeng, the CEO of Fufeng is known to be an active member of the Communist Party. That should be disqualifying in itself. The Chinese Communist Party are not our friends. They literally consider themselves to be in a long, 100-year war with the United States. How do we know this? Their generals say so. We should believe them. Meantime, the Secretary of the Air Force is on record saying the proposed factory in Grand Forks is a security risk. Who are we armchair pundits to question that?
As for the Chinese spy balloon, when General Ryder said, “It has been our assessment now that it did not collect [intelligence] while it was transiting the United States or over flying the United States” you’ve got to understand these guys choose their words very carefully. “Intelligence” is useful information; so when the General said that the balloon did not collect, all he’s saying is that the balloon didn’t collect anything useful. Given that the balloon was supposedly flying figure-8 loops over military bases (and if you don’t think that’s possible, look up Google’s Loon Project), clearly it was communicating with someone.
We are entering an extremely dangerous period in our history. Given that the 50-year American attempt to edify Chinese society has proved to be an abject failure, now is not the time for ever more economic entanglements. Such entanglements never prevented a war in world history anyway. The main effect of past American policy has been to create a rival, military superpower bigger than the old Soviet Empire. As a result, now we are going to have to go back to Cold War levels of defense spending to contain the Chinese Communist threat. Given that it would take a 20% tariff on all imports just to pay for the Navy, it’s hard to see how the economic benefits of the China trade outweigh the increased defense spending that trade has entailed. I’m not saying we need to declare all-out economic warfare on China, but, on the other hand, there is no need to bend over backwards to help build up their war machine…
Jim Glass
Jul 5 2023 at 10:27pm
Context and perspective often help give a better picture….
I sometimes wonder if the US is becoming irrationally fearful of the outside world. Consider a recent story from Bloomberg, which describes the outrage occasioned by a proposal by a Chinese company to build a routine corn milling plant….
Is this a sign of things getting worse in America? Or, is the fact that one has to read Bloomberg to even know of this little incident, a sign that things instead are getting better? Tribal xenophobia is the most human of traits, consider our own domestic history with it:
Schools were barred from teaching the German language to students in the 1910s and Wilson’s Sedition Act criminalized free speech and imprisoned hundreds of journalists and others … in the 1940s US citizens of Japanese, German (and other) descent were interned. FDR used military tribunals to execute spies caught in the US (including a US citizen) — inconceivable post 9/11– but didn’t imprison journalists.
Circa 1980, under their Rising Sun, the Japanese were buying up the USA and eating up the US auto market. When they bought Rockefeller Center there was howling popular outrage (“My father didn’t die at Okinawa for this!”) And the US govt forced a 20% reduction in their car sales here, holding that quota for years. When the quota was finally lifted, there was more howling outrage across the US auto industry and national labor unions… Is anything on near this scale happening today?
This little spat about a corn milling plant in North Dakota is supposed to be evidence that all this is getting worse? Huh? Beware Eden-ism, the contagious cognitive fallacy that tells us the world was much better in the past but today we — meaning our opponents — are sending it to hell, when in reality things are getting less bad all the time. This fallacy is a seductive toxic plague, today warping maybe 25% of the economy and 75% of politics.
Once anti-Chinese hysteria reaches this fever pitch level, there’s no longer any safe place in America.
C’mon. There are more Americans who detest other Americans — see Twitter or cable news daily — than who know anything at all about the Chinese.
Of course, it is true that the public’s view of Chinese is falling in the America — just as it is near everywhere else around the world. See Pew 2022…
Occam’s Razor: If you have a problem with Americans, maybe it’s the Americans – while if you have the same problem with the whole world, er, maybe it’s you? Just this week a new survey came out showing opinions of China plunging in Japan, Korea, and around the Pacific rim — those who know China and the Chinese best — to well lower than in the US. How do the Chinese keep accomplishing this? Well…
[] 2022, the Chinese Consul in Manchester, UK, and his staff grab a civilian protestor off the street, drag him onto the consulate grounds and beat him. The Consul then goes on TV and says he’d do it again. Who wasn’t “safe” there?
[] 2023, as Xi’s “best, most intimate friend” Putin strives to conquer Ukraine, China’s ambassador to France declares the former Soviet states have no legal right to sovereignty.
[] 2021, the Chinese Air Force releases a video showing its nuclear bombers striking American facilities on Guam, which is American territory
[] 2020, Chinese foreign ministry spokesman, Zhao Lijian, Twitters out a computer graphics art piece depicting a child having its throat cut by Australian soldiers
Etc, etc, etc, … Search “wolf warrior examples” for a list reaching from neck to ankle.
Imagine if the American officials or some other western government behaved this way. Horrors!!! ISTM that Westerners and their governments have shown remarkable grace and tolerance in accepting all this in stride. Perhaps to a fault?
Back in the 1800s, was there a line between Catholic people and the Catholic Church? Many Protestants thought the answer was “no”.
Exactly. Many people judge other people by the actions of their leaders. Like there is a relation between them. Who knew?
Xi and his comrades know, perfectly well. So why are they knowingly, intentionally acting in a way to degrade the view of China and the Chinese in the eyes of people world wide? Hmmm … continued….
Jim Glass
Jul 5 2023 at 10:30pm
Why does the formatting of these comments keep changing?
I’ve been keeping notes of the formatting I use, and still it changes.
So, another wall of text, everything used to make it readable gone.
Sorry.
Jim Glass
Jul 5 2023 at 10:52pm
Why does the CCP intentionally sabotage the world’s opinion of China and the Chinese people?
Stephen Kotkin and Orville Schell: What Drives Putin and Xi | The Foreign Affairs Interview
Listen to the whole thing. Some bits about China…
To wit: Xi is driving grievance culture among the Chinese elite and people based on China’s superior, ancient civilization being disrespected and abused by the West, in particular the colonializer British, now supplanted by the USA…
Now that is an interesting psycho-pathology, described there above.
If the shrinks at Mayo would describe somebody not wanting to have the Chinese own a nearby corn mill as “agoraphobia”, what would they call the pathology driving Xi, the CCP and the Chinese elite to engage in such a self-defeating, self-contradicting, orchestration of violent cognitive dissonance on behalf of their entire nation, as above?
I can think of a some possible terms.
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